Which of the following rounds would do more damage to a ballistic vest?

What grade of vest? Level I, II and IIIA only protect againt handgun rounds. The III protects against soft tip, and only IV protects against AP rounds, both with hard plate inserts. that said, the 5.56AP would be more likely to a III grade, but its not supposed to a IV. Niether is a .30-06 AP, if that gives you a perspective.